Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma develops in the outer layer of the skin. Some squamous cell carcinomas arise from small sandpaper-like lesions called actinic keratosis. Squamous cell carcinomas usually appear as crusted or scaly patches on the skin with a red, inflamed base, a growing tumor or a non-healing ulcer. They are generally found in sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, arms, scalp, backs of the hands and ears, although they can appear anywhere on the body. Any lesion, especially those that are non-healing, grow, bleed or change in appearance, should be evaluated by a dermatologist.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma:  What it Looks Like

Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 16% of all new skin cancer cases in the United States.

Where Occurs
It is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, ears, neck, arms, scalp, and hands. However, it may occur anywhere — even inside of the mouth, on a lip, or on genitals.

Warning Signs
Signs of squamous cell carcinoma include:

• Crusted or scaly area on the skin with a red, inflamed base

• Persistent, non-healing, ulcerated (skin not covering) bump or thickened skin on the lower lip

•  Wart-like growth or plaque

• Sore that does not heal

• Red, scaly patches or bumps

The tumors can reach ¾ to 1 inch in size and develop into large masses. Since squamous cell carcinoma has the potential to metastasize (spread), this form of skin cancer can be lethal if not treated. In aggressive cases, the tumor can spread to the lymph nodes or internal organs. This is especially true when a tumor begins on a lip or ear, or the patient has a weakened immune system. Conditions that weaken the immune system include an organ transplant, lymphoma, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).